Abstract Background Social isolation, i.e., the deprivation of social contact, is a highly stressful circumstance that affects behavioral and functional brain development in social animals.Cognitive flexibility, one of the essential executive brain function that facilitates survival problem solving, was reported to be impaired after social isolatio
BACKGROUND: Cell plate formation during plant cytokinesis is facilitated by SNARE complex-mediated vesicle fusion at the cell-division plane.However, our knowledge regarding R-SNARE components of membrane fusion machinery for cell plate formation remains quite limited.METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We report the in vivo function of Arabidopsis VAM
Abstract Microbially induced Drills calcium carbonate (CaCO3) precipitation (MICP) is a process where microbes induce condition favorable for CaCO3 formation through metabolic activities by increasing the pH or carbonate ions when calcium is near.The molecular and ecological basis of CaCO3 precipitating (CCP) bacteria has been poorly illuminated.He